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. 26/10/2024 10:59 AM
Introduction
India recently reached a key agreement with China regarding patrolling along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), marking a potential step toward restoring stability in the border areas where tensions have lingered since the 2020 Galwan clashes. This pact is seen as a structured approach to disengagement and peacebuilding, addressing areas like the Depsang Plains and Demchok, which have been contentious for years.
Restoration of Patrolling Rights:
The agreement permits Indian troops to resume patrols up to specific points in the Depsang Plains (PP 10-13) and Charding Nullah in Demchok, areas where disputes existed even before 2020. Excluded from renegotiation are previously disengaged regions, including the Galwan Valley and Pangong Tso.
Three-Step Process:
Disengagement: An immediate troop pullback from frontline positions.
De-escalation: Gradual reduction in the LAC’s troop presence, which currently totals about 50,000-60,000 soldiers on each side.
Demilitarization: Long-term reduction of military assets in sensitive border areas.
This structured plan seeks to prevent incidents like the Galwan clashes, which resulted in significant casualties on both sides.
In April 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi emphasized the need for border resolution to improve India-China relations, receiving a constructive response from Beijing. Subsequent statements by both governments expressed optimism for settling remaining disputes, particularly over patrolling rights in Ladakh.
The agreement reaffirms guidelines for face-offs, including a prohibition on force, self-restraint, and courtesy to prevent unnecessary escalations. These rules, outlined in the 2005 Border Pact, are crucial in maintaining peace along a border that lacks a clear physical demarcation.
While India framed the agreement as a step toward “complete disengagement,” China described it as “important progress,” suggesting a preference to compartmentalize the border issue from broader diplomatic relations. India maintains that normal bilateral relations hinge on border stability, a stance China does not fully share.
Strategic circles in India are optimistic but cautious, adopting a “trust but verify” approach. Although the agreement sets a foundation for building trust, the phased process of troop disengagement, de-escalation, and demilitarization could take years. Key steps include continued dialogue between India’s Special Representatives and ongoing diplomatic discussions to uphold the agreement.
The India-China LAC agreement is a promising step toward stabilizing the border, but its success will depend on sustained adherence from both sides. It signals cautious optimism, yet experts highlight the complexities of balancing trust-building with vigilance, given the historical challenges in India-China relations.
